Magnetic field studies (NIS studies)
Enotrac places great value on innovative technologies, comprehensive analyses, and practical solutions. In particular, Enotrac uses advanced simulation tools such as FABEL and EMFCALC for magnetic field studies (NIS studies) to investigate the exposure to non-ionising radiation (NIS) in the vicinity of substations, transmission lines, and overhead contact lines. These studies ensure that the electromagnetic environment complies with the applicable standards and legal limits.
Simulation with FABEL and EMFCALC: precise creation of electrical models
At Enotrac, the simulation tools FABEL and EMFCALC are at the heart of our magnetic field studies, enabling the precise creation of detailed electrical models. These tools play a particularly important role for relevant systems such as substations, transmission lines and overhead contact lines. The calculations are based on the field-causing current, which is typically determined by train running simulations or measurements. The successful validation of these tools has been ensured in various projects through extensive measurements.
FABEL
FABEL is characterised by its impressive versatility, as it is designed for all rail voltages and frequencies. This comprehensive design ensures that the software can be used in a wide range of rail systems and makes it possible to precisely analyse magnetic field exposure under different conditions. FABEL is designed to meet the dynamic requirements of various railway environments.
One of FABEL’s outstanding features is its flexible coupling options for the traction power grid and the supplying high-voltage grid. This functionality opens the door to comprehensive grid integration, in which the interactions between the railway system and the higher-level power grid are incorporated into the simulation. This coupling allows complex interactions between different parts of the power grid to be analysed and evaluated in detail.
FABEL offers the unique possibility to model the electrical network both as a simplified loop impedance model and as a multi-conductor model. This flexibility in network modelling enables extremely precise modelling of systems such as substations, transmission lines and overhead contact lines. The software thus adapts to the specific requirements of the project and enables a realistic simulation of the electromagnetic environment.
FABEL’s integrated multi-conductor module makes it particularly efficient. Load flow calculations and magnetic field calculations can be carried out in a single step. This increase in efficiency is particularly important when simulating complex networks or extensive railway lines. The efficient solution of complex calculations enables engineers and researchers to obtain precise results in less time, making it easier to analyse and optimise the electromagnetic environment.
Overall, FABEL enables a comprehensive and detailed simulation of the electromagnetic environment of railway infrastructures. Its versatility, coupling capabilities, flexible network mapping and efficiency make FABEL an indispensable tool for magnetic field studies.
EMFCALC
EMFCALC stands out thanks to its ability to perform spatial calculations in two-dimensional space. This enables a precise magnetic field calculation based on the current profiles of the electrical installations. Taking the spatial aspect into account is important for analysing the magnetic field distribution in different planes and directions, which ensures comprehensive insight into the electromagnetic environment.
Another outstanding feature of EMFCALC is the calculation of the magnetic flux density in planes perpendicular to the conductors. These data are visualised using isolines, which allows for a clear and intuitive representation of the magnetic fields. The flux density calculation is particularly important for accurately understanding and visualising the strength and distribution of the magnetic fields.
The efficiency and accuracy of the magnetic field studies are significantly influenced by the integration of EMFCALC into FABEL. This allows EMFCALC direct access to time-dependent current profiles from the load simulation in FABEL. This symbiosis allows for a holistic analysis in which the results of the spatial calculations of EMFCALC are incorporated into the comprehensive electrical models of FABEL.
Overall, the key features of EMFCALC underline its power and adaptability to different scenarios. The combination of spatial calculations, flux density calculation and integration into FABEL makes EMFCALC an indispensable tool for the precise and reliable creation of electrical models in Enotrac’s magnetic field studies. These tools play a central role in ensuring safe electromagnetic environments along railway infrastructure.
NISV compliance: site data sheets and international adaptations
Protection against electromagnetic fields in Switzerland is regulated by the ‘Ordinance on Protection against Non-Ionising Radiation’ (NISV). This ordinance, which was introduced by the federal government in 2000, defines the maximum permissible field strengths in the spectrum between 0 Hz and 300 GHz. The cantonal and municipal authorities are responsible for enforcing this ordinance, with the municipalities generally being responsible for building permits for installations within building zones and the cantons for building permits outside of these zones. Even in building zones, the cantons often check for compliance with the NISV, especially if the municipalities lack specialist personnel.
The ONIR covers fixed installations that emit electromagnetic fields, including low-frequency sources such as railways, high-voltage lines and transformer stations, as well as high-frequency transmitters up to 300 GHz, such as radio, TV and various radio services. However, household appliances, consumer goods with radio technology and installations within companies are not covered. Mobile phone antenna systems with an output of less than 6 W (ERP), so-called micro, pico or femto cells, as well as mobile phones and smartphones, are also not subject to the ONIS. International technical standards apply to end devices, which also contain regulations for limiting radiation exposure. However, the specified limits apply to the general population and not to occupational exposure, especially at workplaces where strong electromagnetic fields are present, for which the workers are appropriately trained.
Enotrac sets the highest standards for NISV compliance in the context of planning approval procedures in Switzerland. In accordance with the strict requirements of the NISV, Enotrac ensures that Swiss regulations are meticulously adhered to by precisely compiling site data sheets. The simulations used are characterised by their flexibility, as they are able to incorporate international standards and limit values into the analysis.
The creation of site data sheets is an essential step in the planning approval process, as these must demonstrate that the installation limits according to the NISV are met at all places with sensitive use (OMEN). Our Enotrac experts ensure that these requirements are not only precisely met and flexibly adapt the simulations to international standards.
Targeted optimisation when limit values are exceeded
Enotrac acts proactively as soon as simulations show problems with compliance. By developing targeted optimisation measures, Enotrac aims to reduce magnetic field exposure and thus ensure that all relevant regulations are met. This proactive approach underlines Enotrac’s strong commitment to safe, standard-compliant and international electromagnetic environments.
The optimisation measures can be manifold and range from adjustments to the system configuration to technological innovations. Enotrac takes a holistic approach to ensure electromagnetic compatibility while implementing effective solutions to meet the standards.
Precise recording and verification of magnetic field exposure
Enotrac does not rely solely on simulations, but also carries out non-ionising radiation (NIR) measurements to precisely determine the actual magnetic field exposure of substations, transmission lines and overhead contact lines. These measurements serve as legally valid and direct verification of compliance with legal limits. At the same time, they serve as a site assessment for planned development projects in the vicinity of electrical installations.
Using highly precise measurement methods, our Enotrac experts are able to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the electromagnetic environment. The combination of simulations and precise measurements enables a holistic analysis that takes into account not only the theoretical but also the real magnetic field conditions.
Examples of successful projects
In recent years, Enotrac has implemented a large number of projects throughout Switzerland. Our customers include well-known railway companies such as BLS AG, Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB), Rhaetian Railway (RhB), SBB, Fribourg Transport Authority (TPF), Neuchâtel Public Transport (transN) and Zentralbahn (zb). Clients and architects whose buildings border railway lines also rely on Enotrac’s expertise.
NIS-Verification of the reconstruction of the railway station in Landquart (RhB)
Enotrac carried out a comprehensive NIS study as part of the reconstruction of the railway station in Landquart. The successful verification of compliance with the NISV highlighted Enotrac’s commitment to safety-related projects in the rail infrastructure sector.
Measurement of magnetic field exposure on the double track Goldach – Rorschach (SBB)
Precise measurements were carried out along the double track Goldach – Rorschach to obtain a detailed assessment of the magnetic field exposure. The results enabled a well-founded analysis and the necessary adjustments to optimise the electromagnetic environment.
NIS-Nachweis für den Ligerztunnel (SBB)
Enotrac provided successful proof of compliance with the NISV in the construction of the Ligerz tunnel. The study enabled conformity with the legal requirements and thus the safe use of the tunnel.
Clarification of NIR for development in Altstetten (Implenia)
Enotrac’s targeted investigations helped to ensure a safe development in Altstetten. The NIS study made it possible to identify potential electromagnetic pollution and to recommend appropriate measures for minimising it.
NIS verification of the Sugiez station conversion (TPF)
As part of the Sugiez railway station redevelopment, Enotrac carried out an NIR study to ensure compliance with the NIR Ordinance. This underlines the versatility of NIR studies in public transport infrastructure projects.
Clarification of NIR at the Allmend school in Zurich-Manegg (City of Zurich)
A specific electromagnetic compatibility assessment was carried out for the Allmend school in Zurich-Manegg. This study ensured that educational institutions are designed to be safe and compliant with standards.
Consideration of NIR in the context of changes to building regulations in Moosseedorf (Municipality of Moosseedorf)
Enotrac supported the municipality of Moosseedorf with advice and investigations in the context of changes to the building regulations. The NIR study helped to ensure that safety-related aspects were taken into account in construction projects.
NIR study for the new freight terminal in Monthey (Syngenta)
A comprehensive NIR study was carried out for the new freight terminal in Monthey. This study ensured electromagnetic compatibility and safety in industrial infrastructure projects.
These diverse project examples demonstrate the broad applicability of NIR studies in various scenarios and underline the importance of electromagnetic safety in infrastructure projects of all kinds.
Conclusion
Enotrac is positioning itself as a leading partner in the field of electromagnetic safety through the successful combination of innovative simulation tools, precise NIR measurements and an impressive project history. Beyond mere compliance with legal requirements, Enotrac is actively committed to optimising magnetic field exposure in order to make electromagnetic environments not only safer but also more efficient – especially in the field of railway systems.
Enotrac not only excels as an expert in railway safety, but also acts as a driver of innovation for safe electromagnetic environments. The precise application of FABEL and EMFCALC enables the detailed modelling of electrical systems, while at the same time increasing efficiency by integrating time profiles from load simulations. This underlines Enotrac’s reliability as a partner that not only complies with legal requirements, but also goes the extra mile to ensure the best possible safety standards.
Enotrac’s proactive approach to developing targeted optimisation measures, particularly where limit values are exceeded, illustrates the company’s commitment to maximum protection. By identifying and implementing measures to reduce magnetic field exposure, Enotrac ensures that all relevant regulations are adhered to. This proactive approach helps to not only identify potential problems, but also to solve them in advance. This is how we ensure a safe electromagnetic environment.
Enotrac’s comprehensive services go beyond mere compliance with standards and help to optimise the efficiency of rail systems. As a driver of innovation in the industry, Enotrac uses the latest technologies and best practices to create not only safe but also advanced electromagnetic environments. The company thus stands not only for rail-specific safety, but also for pioneering developments in electromagnetic compatibility.
Overall, Enotrac is consolidating its position not only as a service provider, but also as a strategic partner that plays a key role in promoting safety, compliance and innovation in the field of electromagnetic environments.
